Tests for Personalisation
Molecular and Biomarkers for Breast CancerPersonalised treatment protocols are mandatory in today’s management of breast cancer. Except for the phrase of “Breast Cancer” no other aspect of cancer could be similar between two women receiving treatment. And this is because Cancer of the Breast is heterogenous, meaning it has different characteristics, and it is these aspects that influence disease progression and response to treatment.
These characteristics are also called Molecular and Biological Markers.
Molecular and Biological Markers
Molecular and Biological Markers for Breast Cancer are critical for diagnosis, prognosis (the probability of cure / disease reappearance), treatment decisions, and monitoring disease progression or recurrence. These markers provide insights into the biological behaviour of the tumour, including its growth patterns, likelihood of spreading, and response to therapies.
Experts at Hyderabad Breast Clinics mandatorily and critically evaluate every patient through various tests like ER, PR, Her2Neu and when appropriate order further evaluation so that correct and appropriate treatment is instituted.
Personalization of breast cancer treatment, involves tailoring treatment to a patient’s individual characteristics for best outcomes with least side effects and minimal costs of treatment.
Key Molecular and Biological Markers
Hormone Receptors (HRs)
Estrogen Receptor (ER): Found in ~70-80% of breast cancers. Indicates that the cancer is likely to respond to hormonal therapies (e.g., tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors).
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2/ERBB2)
Overexpressed or amplified in ~15-20% of breast cancers. Associated with aggressive tumor growth but responds well to targeted therapies like trastuzumab (Herceptin), pertuzumab, or lapatinib.
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)
Lacks ER, PR, and HER2 expression. Represents ~10-15% of cases and is often more aggressive with fewer targeted therapy options. May benefit from chemotherapy
Genomic and Molecular Markers
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Tumor Microenvironment and Other Markers
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Emerging Biomarkers
- Androgen Receptor (AR) : Being studied for targeted therapies in AR-positive breast cancer.
- Cyclin D1 : Overexpression in some subtypes.
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) : Indicators of tumor progression or therapeutic response.
- CTCs and cfDNA : Circulating tumor cells and cell-free DNA as liquid biopsy tools for monitoring disease progression.
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