Phyllodes
Phyllodes tumors are rare breast tumors that develop in the connective (stromal) tissue of the breast.
Unlike most breast lumps, which typically arise in the glandular tissue, phyllodes tumors form in the stromal (Supportive Tissue) cells that provide structural support to the breast. They can be benign, borderline, or malignant, depending on how quickly they grow and their appearance under a microscope. Although phyllodes tumors are uncommon, they can sometimes be aggressive, making timely diagnosis and treatment essential.
Characteristics of Phyllodes Tumors
- Growth: Phyllodes tumors tend to grow quickly, often causing the breast to enlarge over a short period of time. They are usually smooth and firm and may be painless.
- Age: They are most common in women in their 40s, though they can occur at any age. Phyllodes tumors are very rare in men.
- Recurrence: Even benign phyllodes tumors have a tendency to recur locally if not completely removed. Malignant phyllodes tumors can spread to other parts of the body, though this is less common.
Types of Phyllodes Tumors
1. Benign Phyllodes Tumors
These are non-cancerous but can still grow and cause significant discomfort or disfigurement.
2. Borderline Phyllodes Tumors
These have a higher chance of growing back after removal and may behave more aggressively than benign tumors.
3. Malignant Phyllodes Tumors
These are cancerous and can spread to other areas, such as the lungs or bones, although this happens rarely.
Symptoms of Phyllodes Tumors
- A large, fast-growing lump in the breast, usually noticed within a few weeks or months.
- Lump is often smooth, round, and may be painless.
- Visible change in breast size or shape due to the tumor’s rapid growth.
- Sometimes causes skin stretching or a lump visible under the skin if the tumor is large.
Diagnosing Phyllodes Tumors
1. Physical Exam
A healthcare provider may be able to feel a phyllodes tumor, particularly if it is large or rapidly growing.
2. Imaging:
Mammogram: May show a well-defined, round or oval mass, but it’s often difficult to differentiate phyllodes tumors from other types of breast lumps using mammography alone.
Ultrasound: Can help further characterize the mass and provide more detail about its structure.
3. Biopsy:
o A core needle biopsy or excisional biopsy is often necessary to determine if a lump is a phyllodes tumor. This biopsy can also help identify whether the tumor is benign, borderline, or malignant.
Treatment Options for Phyllodes Tumors
1. Surgical Removal:
- Lumpectomy: For smaller tumors, removing the tumor with a margin of healthy tissue around it can often prevent recurrence.
- Mastectomy: For larger or recurrent tumors, or those with malignant characteristics, a mastectomy (removal of the entire breast) may be recommended to ensure the tumor is fully removed.
2. Radiation Therapy:
- Radiation may be recommended, especially for borderline or malignant phyllodes tumors, to reduce the risk of local recurrence.
3. Chemotherapy
- Chemotherapy is not typically effective for phyllodes tumors and is rarely used, though it may be considered in cases where the malignant tumor has spread to other parts of the body.
Follow-Up and Monitoring
Because phyllodes tumors, even benign ones, have a tendency to recur, regular follow-up is crucial. Routine physical exams and imaging tests may be scheduled to monitor the area for any signs of recurrence. Early detection of recurrence can allow for timely intervention and reduce the risk of further complications.
When to See a Breast Specialist at Hyderabad Breast Clinics
If you notice a rapidly growing lump or change in the shape of your breast, especially if it develops over a few weeks, it’s essential to consult a healthcare provider promptly. Although phyllodes tumors are rare, any new or unusual breast lump should be evaluated to rule out other potential causes.
Phyllodes tumors can be successfully treated, especially when diagnosed early, and most people with benign or borderline tumors have a good prognosis. Regular follow-up is key for those diagnosed with phyllodes tumors to monitor for any recurrence.
