Fibroadenoma
A fibroadenoma is a benign (non-cancerous) breast tumor made up of glandular and connective tissue.
It is one of the most common types of breast lumps, especially in younger women, typically those between the ages of 15 and 35. Although fibroadenomas are usually harmless, they can sometimes cause discomfort or concern
What is a Fibroadenoma?
A fibroadenoma is a solid, round, or oval lump in the breast that feels smooth, rubbery, and easily movable under the skin. Fibroadenomas vary in size and may grow or shrink over time, particularly in response to hormonal changes such as those during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, or menopause.
menopause Symptoms of Fibroadenoma
- Lump in the Breast: Most fibroadenomas are painless and are discovered during self-examination or a routine check-up.
- Movable and Firm: Fibroadenomas feel smooth, firm, and can be moved under the skin, making them distinct from other types of lumps.
- Size Variability: They can grow or shrink in response to hormonal changes. Some fibroadenomas remain stable in size, while others may increase or decrease over time.
Types of Fibroadenomas
- Simple Fibroadenomas: The most common type, simple fibroadenomas don’t increase the risk of breast cancer and are generally small and stable in size.
- Complex Fibroadenomas: These contain additional components like cysts or calcifications and are slightly more complex under a microscope. They may slightly increase the risk of breast cancer.
- Giant or Juvenile Fibroadenomas: These are larger than typical fibroadenomas (over 5 cm) and are more common in younger women and adolescents.
Causes of Fibroadenoma
The exact cause of fibroadenomas is unknown, but hormonal fluctuations, especially estrogen, may play a role. Some women may be more genetically predisposed to developing fibroadenomas.
Diagnosing a Fibroadenoma
1. Clinical Breast Exam:
A healthcare provider may feel a fibroadenoma during a physical exam, noticing its smooth, rubbery, and movable qualities.
2. Imaging:
- Ultrasound: This is often the first imaging technique used to evaluate a fibroadenoma, as it can help distinguish solid lumps from fluid-filled cysts.
- Mammogram: A mammogram may be used in older women or if there is any uncertainty about the lump.
3. Biopsy
o If imaging is inconclusive, a core needle biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis by removing a small tissue sample from the lump for examination.
Treatment Options for Fibroadenoma
Observation (Watchful Waiting):
Many fibroadenomas don’t require treatment if they’re not causing symptoms and there are no concerns about cancer risk. Regular monitoring with physical exams and imaging can track any changes in size or appearance.
Surgical Removal:
For fibroadenomas that are large, painful, growing, or causing anxiety, surgical removal (lumpectomy) may be an option. Surgery is usually minimally invasive.
Cryoablation
This less invasive option uses extreme cold to destroy the fibroadenoma without surgery. It’s typically used for smaller lumps.
Hormonal Management:
In rare cases, if hormonal changes are contributing to fibroadenoma growth, doctors may discuss options that help manage hormones, though this is not a common approach.
When to See a Healthcare Provider
- If you detect a new lump in your breast or notice any changes in an existing lump.
- If a previously diagnosed fibroadenoma begins to grow or change in feel or texture.
- If there’s pain or discomfort associated with the lump.
While fibroadenomas are generally benign, any breast lump or change should be evaluated by a healthcare provider to rule out other conditions. Regular monitoring and exams are often all that’s needed for most fibroadenomas, but you should always feel comfortable seeking medical advice for peace of mind.
